Information and Reports
Applications of Carbon
Concentrates Derived from Fly Ash
Stephen Gasiorowski, James Bittner, Bruce Mackay, and David
Whitlock
The commercial beneficiation of coal fly ash by ST triboelectric
separator produces two product streams: a high quality, processed fly
ash for use in concrete (2% +/- 0.5% LOI) and a high carbon product
with LOI's ranging from 25-80%. The focus of this paper is on the high-carbon
product and the technical issues concerning its use as a sorbent for
flue gas mercury removal.
ST's Commercial Benefication
of High LOI Fly Ash
James D. Bittner and Stephen A. Gasiorowski
ST's proven electrostatic beneficiation technology reduces the
carbon content of coal fly ash, producing a consistent, low loss-on-ignition
(LOI) ash for use as a substitute for cement in concrete applications.
The ST process generates uniform quality fly ash (+/- 0.5% LOI) from
highly variable LOI ash. This paper reviews the ST experience and discusses
the technology and process utilized.
Removing Ammonia from
Fly Ash
J. Bittner, S. Gasiorowski and F. Hrach
Ammonia contaminated fly ash is becoming more of a concern now
that SCR's and SNCR's are more commonplace in coal fired power plants.
The management of ammonia slip is impacted by various plant operating
conditions as well as environmental and economic drivers. The best overall
operating decision may result in allowing the fly ash to become contaminated
with ammonia. A strong odor of ammonia, however, is unacceptable
to the concrete producer, the contractor working with the concrete,
and the ultimate concrete user. ST has a process that removes ammonia
from fly ash and this paper discusses how it is accomplished.
Finding the Real Cost
of Inconsistency: The Value of Processed Fly Ash
J.P. Borders, S.A. Gasiorowski and C.S. Willauer
Use of carbon beneficiation technology has improved the supply
of high quality class F fly ash to ready-mix producers in North Carolina
and Virginia. Use of processed ash has increased production efficiencies
and led to higher quality concretes. Using the ST process, a dramatically
improved quality of product is generated at volumes far greater than
possible through selection of ash through precipitator management practices.
This paper discusses the Roxboro, NC processed fly ash product, the
market's response to its use and the cost savings experienced.
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